Understanding Long Exposure Photography

Long Exposure Photography Transcends the Boundaries of Standard Photographic Practice

What is Long Exposure Photography?

Introduction

"Long exposure photography is a unique and captivating technique in which the camera's shutter remains open for an extended period to capture a scene. Unlike conventional photography, which freezes a moment in time, long exposure photography accumulates light and motion over time. This allows for the creation of ethereal, dreamlike images that depict the passage of time in a still frame. The method has become increasingly popular among professional and amateur photographers alike for its ability to transform everyday scenes into works of art (Freeman, 2020).

Historically, long exposure techniques date back to the earliest days of photography in the 19th century. Early cameras required long exposure times due to the low sensitivity of photographic plates. Over time, the technique evolved from necessity into a creative tool. Today, it is employed in various genres including landscape, astrophotography, and urban photography (Newhall, 1982).

Technical Foundations of Long Exposure

Camera Settings and Equipment

Achieving successful long exposure photographs requires a clear understanding of camera settings and essential gear. Key settings include shutter speed, aperture, and ISO:

• Shutter Speed: This is the most crucial aspect of long exposure photography. While conventional shutter speeds range from 1/60s to 1/4000s, long exposure involves speeds from a few seconds to several minutes or even hours (Peterson, 2016).

• Aperture: Aperture controls the depth of field and the amount of light entering the camera. Smaller apertures (higher f-numbers) such as f/8 to f/16 are typically used to maintain sharpness across the image.

• ISO: Lower ISO values (e.g., ISO 100 or 200) are preferable to minimize noise in long exposures.

Essential equipment includes:

• Tripod: Stability is vital. Any camera movement can ruin a long exposure image.

• Remote Shutter Release: Prevents camera shake during the pressing of the shutter button.

• Neutral Density (ND) Filters: Reduce the amount of light entering the lens, allowing for longer exposures even in bright conditions (Langford & Fox, 2015).

Exposure Calculations

Proper exposure in long exposure photography requires careful calculation, particularly when using ND filters. Many photographers use exposure calculation apps or charts to determine the correct settings. For example, an ND1000 filter (10-stop reduction) requires significantly longer shutter speeds. A base exposure of 1/60s would become approximately 15-16 seconds (Evening, 2019).

Bracketing and test shots are often employed to fine-tune exposure and ensure optimal results.

Creative Applications

Capturing Motion

One of the most appealing aspects of long exposure photography is its ability to depict motion. Moving elements within the scene, such as water, clouds, or people, become blurred or ghost-like:

• Water: Creating a silky, smooth appearance of rivers, waterfalls, or ocean waves is a common application. The longer the exposure, the smoother the water appears.

• Clouds: In landscape photography, long exposures of moving clouds create dynamic and surreal skies.

• Light Trails: In urban settings, moving vehicles produce streaks of light that illustrate motion and energy (Freeman, 2020).

Night Photography

Night-time provides ideal conditions for long exposure. The lack of light necessitates longer shutter speeds and allows for various creative effects:

• Star Trails: Exposing for several minutes to hours captures the rotation of the Earth, creating arcs of stars across the sky.

• Astrophotography: Capturing the Milky Way or other celestial bodies requires precise long exposures combined with high ISO and wide apertures.

• Light Painting: Involves moving a light source during a long exposure to "paint" light into the scene (Peterson, 2016).

Daytime Long Exposures

Contrary to common belief, long exposure photography is not limited to low-light conditions. With the use of ND filters, daytime scenes can be transformed:

• Motion Blur: Clouds streaking across the sky, people becoming ghostly figures, and bustling streets rendered tranquil.

• Seascapes and Architecture: The blending of dynamic water movement with static architecture creates a dramatic contrast (Langford & Fox, 2015).

Artistic Considerations

Composition and Subject Matter

Effective long exposure photography involves careful composition. Given the extended exposure time, photographers must anticipate how elements will move and interact:

• Leading Lines: Roads, rivers, or fences guide the viewer's eye through the image.

• Static vs. Dynamic: A common approach is to juxtapose static elements (buildings, rocks) with dynamic ones (water, clouds).

• Minimalism: Long exposures often simplify complex scenes, making them ideal for minimalist compositions (Evening, 2019).

Color and Mood

Long exposure enhances color saturation and allows for the creation of specific moods:

• Cool Tones: Blues and purples can evoke tranquility.

• Warm Tones: Oranges and reds convey warmth and energy.

• Black and White: Monochrome can emphasize texture, shape, and contrast.

Post-processing also plays a vital role in refining mood. Adjusting white balance, contrast, and saturation helps to achieve the desired emotional impact (Evening, 2019).

Advanced Techniques and Challenges

Multiple Exposures and Composite Imaging

Advanced photographers often use multiple exposures or blending techniques to overcome limitations:

• Exposure Blending: Combines several shots with different exposure levels for greater dynamic range.

• Focus Stacking: Merges multiple images focused at different points for sharpness throughout the scene.

• Time Blending: Merges exposures taken at different times to show change or create harmony in lighting (Freeman, 2020).

Dealing with Noise and Image Quality

Long exposures are susceptible to digital noise, especially in dark areas. To address this:

• Long Exposure Noise Reduction: A camera setting that captures a dark frame to subtract noise.

• Post-processing: Software like Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop can reduce noise while preserving detail.

• Proper Exposure: Avoid underexposing as it amplifies noise when brightened later (Evening, 2019).

Case Studies and Practical Examples

Photographer Spotlights

• Michael Kenna: Known for his minimalist black and white long exposures, often taken at night or in low-light.

• Alexey Titarenko: Captured the flow of people in motion in urban scenes, emphasizing social themes.

• Vernon Chalmers: Uses long exposure for seascapes and night photography, combining technique with existential reflection.
  
  

Vernon Chalmers Long Exposure Photography : Milnerton Lagoon / Architecture

Vernon Chalmers Long Exposure Photography

Real-World Examples

Niagara Falls: A long exposure captures the powerful flow of water as a silky curtain, contrasting with the stillness of surrounding rocks.

Times Square: Light trails and blurred crowds convey energy and movement amid urban chaos.

Desert Landscapes: Moving clouds and shifting sand captured over time highlight natural rhythms and tranquillity. 

Canon Long Exposure | Night Photography Setup & Tips

Conclusion

Long exposure photography transcends the boundaries of standard photographic practice. By harnessing the passage of time, it allows photographers to visualize the invisible and evoke emotions in unique ways. From technical precision to artistic expression, the technique offers endless creative potential.

As technology advances, tools like mirrorless cameras with in-body stabilization, improved sensor performance, and AI-assisted editing continue to expand what is possible. Nonetheless, the essence of long exposure remains rooted in patience, planning, and vision.

Ultimately, understanding long exposure photography is not just about mastering technique but about embracing time as an artistic medium. Whether capturing a serene seascape or the frenetic energy of a city, long exposure invites us to see the world not as a fleeting moment, but as a continuum of change and beauty." (Source: ChatGPT 2025)

References

Evening, M. (2019). Adobe Photoshop CC for photographers. Routledge.

Freeman, M. (2020). The photographer's eye: A graphic guide. CRC Press.

Langford, M., & Fox, R. (2015). Langford's basic photography: The guide for serious photographers. CRC Press.

Newhall, B. (1982). The history of photography. Museum of Modern Art.

Peterson, B. (2016). Understanding exposure: How to shoot great photographs with any camera. Watson-Guptill

Document Compiler: ChatGPT 2025

Top Image : Created by ChatGPT 2025

Vernon Chalmers Image: Copyright Vernon Chalmers

Vernon Chalmers Long Exposure Photography

A Technical and Philosophical Exploration: Vernon Chalmers’ Night Photography is a Masterclass in Technical Discipline, Artistic Expression, and Existential Mindfulness

Vernon Chalmers Night Photography

Canon EOS 6D / 16-35mm Lens : From Woodbridge Island, Cape Town

Report Index:

1. Introduction
2. Background on Vernon Chalmers
3. Philosophy of Night Photography
4. Equipment and Canon EOS System Preference
5. Camera Settings and Exposure Strategy
6. Long Exposure Photography and Light Trails
7. Composition Techniques at Night
8. Light and Shadow as Emotional Tools
9. Post-Processing Workflow
10. Teaching Night Photography
11. The Existential Motif
12. Challenges and Solutions in Night Photography
13. Community Influence and Legacy
14. Conclusion
15. References
16. Report Compiler
17. Images Copyright

1, Introduction

"Night photography stands as one of the most challenging yet rewarding branches of photographic expression. Capturing the subtleties of low light, the glow of artificial illumination, and the serenity of nocturnal scenes demands a refined technical proficiency and an acute sense of composition. Vernon Chalmers, a South African photographer and Canon camera trainer, exemplifies this genre with an approach that blends precision, aesthetic clarity, and pedagogical intent. His contributions to night photography not only showcase his artistic talent but also his commitment to educating others in the pursuit of photographic excellence. This report explores the intricacies of Chalmers’ night photography, including his techniques, philosophical approach, post-processing choices, and the educational value he provides to his photography community.

2. Background on Vernon Chalmers

Vernon Chalmers has a diverse professional history, combining military management training in the South African Navy with corporate, academic, and creative pursuits. He is widely known for his Canon EOS training programs in Cape Town and has authored numerous articles on photography technique and creative development. Chalmers is especially respected for his work in bird photography and long exposure night photography. His approach to photography is influenced by existential philosophy, particularly the writings of Viktor Frankl, which shape how he sees photographic meaning as a form of intentional living (Chalmers, 2023).

3. Philosophy of Night Photography

Chalmers does not see night photography merely as a technical exercise. For him, it becomes an avenue for existential exploration. Through the lens, night becomes a space of solitude, reflection, and transcendence. He often expresses that photography at night is about capturing the essence of calm - when visual noise subsides and the world quietens. Influenced by Viktor Frankl’s concept of "Logotherapy," Chalmers’ night images often carry themes of meaning-making through composition, stillness, and the interplay of light and dark (Frankl, 2006).

He states that night photography “requires you to slow down and listen to the environment - it demands presence.” This aligns with a therapeutic use of photography, where the night-time process becomes a form of meditative engagement, calming the mind while sharpening the technical eye (Chalmers, 2024).

Vernon Chalmers Landscape / Seascape and Long Exposure Training Sessions

Canon EOS 6D / 16-35mm Lens : Milnerton Beach

4. Equipment and Canon EOS System Preference

Chalmers primarily uses the Canon EOS system for all his photography. In night photography, he leverages both DSLR and mirrorless bodies, including models such as the Canon EOS 6D, EOS 6D Mark II and EOS R series cameras. His lens choices typically include:

• Canon EF 16–35mm f/4L IS USM
• Canon EF 24–70mm f/4L IS USM
• Canon EF 70–300mm f/4-5.6L IS USM 

These lenses, known for their clarity and stabilization, enable him to capture long-exposure shots with remarkable sharpness. His preference for full-frame sensors maximizes light intake during low-light shoots, a key consideration in night photography.

Additionally, Chalmers uses solid tripod systems (such as Manfrotto) and remote shutter releases to ensure vibration-free long exposures. He is a strong advocate for using Bulb Mode for exposures longer than 30 seconds and encourages manual ISO/aperture adjustments.

Canon EOS 6D / 16-35mm Lens : Woodbridge Island, Main Bridge

5. Camera Settings and Exposure Strategy

One of the hallmarks of Chalmers’ night photography technique is his methodical approach to exposure. He teaches and practices the balance between ISO sensitivity, aperture width, and shutter speed through a process he calls exposure equilibrium. This often involves:

• ISO Range: 100–200 depending on the available ambient light and desired noise profile.

• Aperture: Typically f/8 to f/16 for landscapes to ensure depth of field.

• Shutter Speed: From 5 seconds to several minutes using Bulb Mode.

• White Balance: Often set manually to maintain color consistency under artificial lights.

Chalmers encourages photographers to shoot in RAW format at night to preserve maximum tonal data for post-processing. He also explains the dangers of overexposure in urban night photography, where artificial lights can blow highlights if not carefully controlled.

Long Exposure and Light Trails : Woodbridge Island (From Arnhem, Milnerton)

6. Long Exposure Photography and Light Trails

Chalmers is renowned for his long-exposure night photography, especially in urban Cape Town. His images often depict:

• Light trails from passing vehicles

• Still reflections on water

• Illuminated architecture

• Harbour scenes with starbursts from streetlights

He uses exposures of 5 to 60 seconds to capture motion while keeping architectural elements sharp. Light trails, in particular, feature prominently in his work, conveying the passage of time and energy in otherwise static compositions. He emphasizes pre-visualization — imagining the outcome before clicking the shutter.

In a 2023 workshop, Chalmers explained, “It’s not just about capturing light; it’s about orchestrating it.” This philosophy reveals his artistic control over chaotic urban elements.

Canon EOS 6D / 70-300mm Lens : Fireworks, Cape Town (From Arnhem, Milnerton)

7. Composition Techniques at Night

Composition in night photography poses unique challenges, such as reduced depth perception, unusual light reflections, and high-contrast scenes. Chalmers addresses this by using the following:

• Rule of Thirds with strong horizontal or vertical lines.

• Leading lines from roads or light trails.

• Reflections in water to add symmetry.

• Foreground interest to anchor the viewer’s eye.

He often shoots from low angles, using water puddles, sidewalks, or roads to create visual depth. Framing is meticulously considered — even in low light, he advises using Live View magnification to nail focus manually when autofocus struggles.

8. Light and Shadow as Emotional Tools

Light and shadow are not just visual elements in Chalmers’ work; they are emotional instruments. He uses shadow to represent mystery or calm and light to signify human presence, progress, or contrast. The tension between light sources — natural moonlight, streetlamps, or traffic — creates an emotional narrative in his photographs.

He avoids over-saturation or excessive post-processing, keeping tones realistic but expressive. In harbor scenes, for instance, he uses sodium-vapor lighting glow as a warm tone counterpoint to the deep blues of night.

9. Post-Processing Workflow

Chalmers uses Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop for his post-processing needs. His night photography editing workflow typically includes:

• Noise reduction using Lightroom’s Detail panel.

• Highlight control to manage artificial lighting.

• Shadow recovery to bring subtle details out of darkness.

• Clarity and contrast adjustments to enhance sharpness without oversaturation.

• Color grading for subtle warmth or cool tones depending on scene mood.

He avoids heavy manipulation, opting for what he terms "authentic correction" rather than synthetic enhancement. His commitment to realism over fantasy gives his night photos a journalistic, documentary quality.

Handheld at Night : V&A Waterfront, Cape Town

10. Teaching Night Photography

Chalmers is deeply invested in sharing his knowledge. His photography workshops and one-on-one training sessions frequently include modules on night photography. His students learn not just camera settings, but how to think photographically in low-light situations. He guides them through practical field outings, often at Milnerton Lagoon, Cape Town Harbour, or Bloubergstrand.

Key teaching methods include:

• Live demonstrations of long exposure setups.

• In-field composition planning.

• Real-time feedback on camera settings.

• Guided post-processing sessions.

His educational material is detailed, accessible, and always customized to the individual’s skill level. His ability to demystify complex concepts makes him one of the most trusted educators in South African photography circles.

11. The Existential Motif

Vernon Chalmers often describes night photography as photographic mindfulness. His images reflect themes of solitude, clarity, and existential inquiry. He believes photography can help individuals discover meaning by engaging deeply with their environment, especially in the solitude of night.

This aligns with Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy: a human being finds meaning in life not through pleasure or power, but through purpose and responsibility (Frankl, 2006). Chalmers’ night time images thus become more than photos — they are visual affirmations of attentiveness, purpose, and quiet observation.

12. Challenges and Solutions in Night Photography

Chalmers outlines common obstacles in night photography:

• Camera shake: Solved with tripods and remote triggers.

• High ISO noise: Solved by shooting in RAW and using noise reduction tools.

• Autofocus failure: Solved by manual focus with Live View magnification.

• Color cast issues: Solved via custom white balance or post-processing adjustments.

He encourages practice and patience, emphasizing that night photography has a steep learning curve but offers immense rewards for those who persevere.

13. Community Influence and Legacy

Chalmers has significantly influenced the Western Cape photography community. His workshops routinely draw beginners and advanced users alike. His public demonstrations of night photography in Cape Town have cultivated a regional culture of learning and sharing.

Through his blog and Canon EOS community, he has inspired photographers across South Africa to explore night scenes with renewed curiosity. His legacy lies not only in his images but in the knowledge he imparts and the confidence he instills in others. 

Canon Long Exposure | Night Photography Setup & Tips

14. Conclusion

Vernon Chalmers’ night photography is a masterclass in technical discipline, artistic expression, and existential mindfulness. He captures the quiet drama of urban nights with clarity and poise, using long exposures and natural composition to evoke emotion and meaning. More than just a photographer, he is a guide - leading others into the often overlooked but profoundly beautiful world of night. Through his lens and teachings, Chalmers reminds us that even in darkness, there is light worth seeking, capturing, and sharing. (Source: ChatGPT 2025)

15. References

Chalmers, V. (2023). Photography and Logotherapy: Finding Meaning Behind the Lens. Vernon Chalmers Photography.

Chalmers, V. (2024). Canon EOS Training: Night Photography Workshop Materials. Cape Town: Vernon Chalmers Canon Training.

Frankl, V. E. (2006). Man’s Search for Meaning. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Peterson, B. (2010). Understanding Exposure: How to Shoot Great Photographs with Any Camera. New York: Amphoto Books.

Freeman, M. (2007). The Photographer's Eye. Oxford: Focal Press.

16. Report Compiler: ChatGPT 2025

17. Images Copyright Vernon Chalmers Photography Copyright

Canon Long Exposure | Night Photography Setup & Tips

Learning Canon Long Exposure / Night Photography Skills Development

Fireworks Photography (Use Bulb Mode)

Architecture Long Exposure Photography : Canon EOS 6D, Av Mode 30 seconds

Canon EOS Bulb Mode Function

Using Canon EOS 6D for Bulb Mode | Long Exposure Photography

How To Photograph Fireworks - Night Photography

Canon EOS 6D Night Photography 2024 Samples in Av and Bulb Mode

Long Exposure Photography with CTPS at Milnerton Beach

Fireworks Photography (Use Bulb Mode) : 8 Seconds (Tripod / Manual Focus)

Long Exposure Photography | Fireworks Photography Setup / Tips

Longer shutter speeds / long exposures are most often applied when shooting i.e. after sunset, night photography and / or fireworks. The photographer will use longer shutter speeds to capture a low / fading / after-sunset or a night / or fireworks composition - all of which could provide for some really dramatic exposure effects. I personally use long exposure photography mostly for night photography (after sunset / before sunrise - as I like to call it, the Blue Hours) and firework displays.

Long exposures (during daylight) are also achievable with the use of filters (see section on ND filters).

Not just for DSLR / Mirrorless Cameras

Long exposure photography is not limited to DSLR cameras only, but will indeed be possible with some compact / bridge cameras (ie. the Canon PowerShot G and SX Series) and should be tried. Even with shutter speed limitations of 15 seconds on many of the Canon SX-series compact cameras.

Some compact cameras have very short shutter open / close times while others can do exposures up to 15 to 30 seconds - more than enough to experiment with (eve for fireworks Photograph).

Canon EOS 6D / 16-35mm Lens : Milnerton Beach, Cape Town

Av Mode Personal Preference

Creating long exposures for my 'Table Mountain After Sunset / Sea Point Seascapes " shots I generally use Av Mode (Aperture Value) on the mode dial (also called Aperture priority mode). Av Mode provides user control over lens aperture size i.e.. f/11 or f/16, but the camera will select the most appropriate shutter speed (i.e.. 1 or 10 seconds). You can also use Manual Mode (you control Aperture / Shutter speed / ISO) or Time Value Mode or Tv Mode on the mode dial (you control shutter speed and the camera decide on the aperture ie. f/11 or f/16).

Low ISO's for minimizing noise and don't forget the tripod

For night photography it is recommended to set your camera to ISO 100 or ISO 200 for minimizing unwanted digital noise. Due to the longer exposure time generated by the camera it will be required to use a sturdy tripod for preventing unnecessary camera movements. A quality tripod is always a good investment - do the necessary research and get the best you can afford. I used a Manfrotto 190X MK190X3-3W (804RC2 pan/tilt head) for most of the Canon long exposure images on this page .

Milnerton Lighthouse after sunset (light trails) : From Arnhem, Milnerton

Shutter speed

There is also 'Bulb mode' an extended shutter speed mode selection available in Manual or Tv mode (not in Av mode) - meaning there is a manual time-setting which you can control the shutter for opening and closing for up to a few hours if you want (will require external power supply). In Canon (some EOS model inTv or M Mode) just dial past the 30 seconds general 'limit'. Think star trails - exposure time of +- 30 minutes and longer. Or if you want exact shutter time control when shooting fireworks (say 3 to 8 seconds, but you control it). On the enthusiast and professional EOS DSLR's Bulb mode is a separate exposure function on the mode dial and of great assistance for long exposure photography.
For many Long Exposure (Night Photograph) images Av mode is sufficient for shooting with apertures between f/11 - f/22 (these apertures will provide enough depth of field (DOF) / back to front sharpness across the entire frame - and is based on general landscape photography apertures).

Note: The camera will automatically assign a longer shutter time as the light fade and / or as I adjust the aperture to a larger f/(stop) value (ie. from f/11 to f/16 to let even less light onto the camera's image sensor).

Shutter Speed Settings on Canon EOS Cameras

Shutter Speed limitation in Av / Tv / Manual Mode

Most DSLR's, certainly Canon APS-C and Full Frame bodies are limited to 30 seconds exposure time (in all shooting modes), In most cases this is long enough, but for manual shutter speed / exposure control it is recommended to use Bulb Mode with a cable or remote release. Long Exposure / 30 seconds auto-shutter release in Av Mode. Canon EOS 6D Demo

20 Seconds Exposure Photography (Av Mode) - Sea Point, Cape Town

Bulb Mode

Most modern DSLR's and Mirrorless cameras will have a separate Bulb Mode (on the Mode Dial or elsewhere). By using Bulb Mode the photographer can specify a predetermined exposure time / shutter speed by manually controlling the shutter speed or by using a cable or remote release.

I used the the Canon RS-80N3 Cable Remote Cable Release Switch for allowing manual opening and closing control of the shutter release time. Bulb Mode is an important functionality for using for Fireworks Photography for capturing various exposure times during the duration of a fireworks display. Canon EOS 6D Bulb Mode

Fireworks Long Exposure Photography (Bulb Mode) : Over Table Bay, Cape Town

More Canon Long Exposure | Night Photography Setup & Tips

"Long exposure night photography can produce stunning and dramatic images. Here are some tips and setup guidelines for using your Canon camera:

• Equipment
  
  
• Camera: Any Canon DSLR or mirrorless camera with manual settings.
• Lens: A wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing more of the scene.
• Tripod: Essential for keeping the camera steady during long exposures.
• Remote Shutter Release: Helps to avoid camera shake when taking the shot.
  
  
• Camera Settings
  
  
• Mode: Use Manual (M) mode for full control over settings.
• Shutter Speed: Start with a shutter speed of 10-30 seconds. Adjust based on the amount of light and desired effect
• Aperture: Set to a small aperture (high f-number) like f/8 or f/11 for a greater depth of field.
• ISO: Keep ISO low (100-200) to minimize noise.
• Focus: Use manual focus to ensure sharpness. Focus on a distant light source or use live view to zoom in and focus.
• White Balance: Set to Auto or adjust based on the lighting conditions.
  
  
• Tips
  
  
• Use a Sturdy Tripod: Prevents any movement during the long exposure.
• Remote Shutter Release: Reduces camera shake when pressing the shutter button.
• Experiment with Shutter Speeds: Longer exposures can create light trails and capture more detail in low light.
• Use ND Filters: If shooting in brighter conditions, neutral density filters can help reduce the amount of light entering the lens.
• Shoot in RAW: Provides more flexibility in post-processing.
  
  
• Composition
  
  
• Plan Your Shot: Scout the location during the day to find interesting compositions.
• Include Foreground Elements: Adds depth and interest to your photos.
• Light Trails: Capture moving lights from cars or stars to add dynamic elements to your images.

For more detailed tips and examples, you can check out this guide and Canon's official tips." (Source: Microdot Copilot 2025)

Fireworks with a Compact Camera (using the Fireworks Scene Mode)

Many compacts, such as the Canon Powershot series cameras (i.e. Canon SX40 HS / SX50 HS / SX60 HS / SX70 HS) will offer a Fireworks Scene Mode - an automatic mode for controlling the required fireworks / scene exposure (or Av / Manual Mode).

Remote Control

The Canon RC-6 Wireless Remote Control (optional) accessory is a very cost-effective solution that I use for most of my long exposure photography (paired with Canon EOS 700D / EOS 70D / EOS 6D and various lenses). There are various other compatible wired / wireless remote controls on the market. Lately I prefer the Canon RS-80N3 Cable Remote Cable Release (for timing accuracy).

Remote Canon EOS / PowerShot Shooting via Android / iOS App

Another option to shoot with a remote Android / iOS App (should the camera have WiFi / NFC functionality). This will work well for Night Photography for i.e. a landscape scene, but is not very effective to simulate Bulb Mode for .i.e. Fireworks Photography.

How do I set my Canon camera for Long Exposure Photography?

My Camera / Lens settings for Night Photography using Av Mode (Architecture / Landscapes / Seascapes)

• Camera
  
  
• Canon body: EOS 6D (Any DSLR / Mirrorless should be fine)
• Aperture Priority / Av Mode
• Aperture: f/11 - f/16 (controlled by the photographer)
• ISO 100 - 200 (Not auto-ISO)
• Shutter Speed: Up to 30 seconds (camera controlled)
• Switch Long Exposure Noise Reduction off
• Set remote timer on / use remote control (optional)
• Set camera to Live View (to view everything on the LCD screen)
• Canon RS-80N3 Cable Remote Switch
• Manfrotto Tripod 190X
  
  
• Lens
• Preferred lenses: Canon EF 24-70mm lens / Canon EF 16-35mm lens
• Zoom in / out until satisfied with whats in the frame
• Turn Image Stabilization off (if an IS lens)- Turn Auto-Focus (AF) off
• Hyperfocal Distance calculation / estimation 'rule of thumb'

My Camera / Lens settings for Night Photography / Fireworks using Bulb Mode

• Camera
  
  
• Canon body: EOS 6D (Any DSLR / Mirrorless should be fine)
• Bulb Mode (as a Manual Mode setting)
• Aperture: f/8 - f/16 (controlled by the photographer)
• ISO 100 - 200 (Not auto-ISO)
• Shutter Speed: 1 sec - a few minutes (controlled by the photographer)
• Switch Long Exposure Noise Reduction off
• Set remote timer on / use remote control (optional)
• Set camera to Live View (to view everything on the LCD screen)
• Canon RS-80N3 Cable Remote Switch
• Manfrotto Tripod 190X
  
  
• Lens
  
  
• Preferred lenses: Canon EF 24-70mm lens / EF 16-35mm f/4 L IS USM lens
• Zoom in / out until satisfied with perspective / framing
• Turn Image Stabilization off (if an IS lens)- Turn Auto-Focus (AF) off
• Hyperfocal Distance calculation / estimation 'rule of thumb'
• Manual Focus in Live View Mode

Canon EOS 6D Manual Focus ISO 100 / f/16 20 seconds Milnerton Lagoon

Check that your subject foreground and background is in focus (for deep Depth of Field / small aperture sharpness) by adjusting the zoom on barrel of lens / or zoom ring in front (this will be camera and lens-dependent). Use Hyperfocal Distance measuring (or the Hyperfocal Distance 'rule of thumb' estimation.

I generally magnify the scene in the LCD screen and fine-tune the midpoint to background until satisfied with focus.

Camera Shake / Steadiness

The camera will take up 15 seconds or longer to complete the exposure and therefore the complete camera system should not be moved / touched. Even a slight breeze will influence the final image ito possible blurriness or unsharp image quality.

Using long shutter release times towards a second or longer will, without doubt, increase camera shake. A sturdy tripod will assist in keeping the camera absolute as still as possible. I use the Canon Remote Shutter Release to fire the shutter - assists with not touching the camera. My tripod of choice: Manfrotto.

Canon EOS 700D Manual Focus ISO 100 f/16 30 seconds : Milnerton Beach

When the sun is setting fast...

I generally wait until after the sun is behind the horizon and start a few tests by just pressing the shutter half-way to see what shutter speed the camera will provide. So I wait for 4 to 5 seconds before I press the remote release for the camera to start the exposure. Camera will process the photo and you will be able to see result in Live View / on the LCD.

As it get darker the camera will meter less available light and automatically increase the shutter speed to 5 then 6 and more seconds sometimes beyond 30 seconds - all of these exposure times will lead to camera shake if not on tripod. The Tripod counters this and provides for blur-free and noise-free images.

I generally take about 20 shots between 5 and 30 to 40 seconds.

Sea Point, Cape Town ND64 Filter .5 seconds : Sea Point Cape Town

Using ND Filters for Longer Daytime Exposures

Its also possible to use Neutral Density (ND) filters for reducing light entering the lens / camera (during daylight shooting). There are different screw-in or slot-in type filters each with different optical densities / f-stop reductions ie ND2 = 1 stop of light, ND16 = 4 stops of light and ND64 = 6 stops of light.

I personally use a Hoya 77mm Pro ND64 Filter for capturing longer day time exposures with a Canon EOS 6D / EF 16-35mm f/4L IS USM Ultra-Wide lens. The image on right was captured with the Hoya filter (for creating silky-looking water during daylight - quite a while before sunset).

Av Mode (Canon EOS 6D):

• ISO 100 - 200
• Aperture f/16
• Shutter Speed +- .5 second
• Focal length +- 25mm
• Manfrotto Tripod

Canon PowerShot SX40 HS : Arnhem, Milnerton, Cape Town

Photographing the moon with a compact camera tips

Shooting the moon tends to be be very popular for DSLR and compact camera photographers when they're starting out and / or testing the sharpness of their lenses.

The moon capture was created with a non-DSLR Canon PowerShot SX40 HS super-zoom compact (Milnerton, Cape Town) with the following settings (with no post-processing):

Av Mode:

• ISO 200
• Aperture f/8
• Shutter Speed +- 1 second
• Focal length +- 2200mm
• Manfrotto Tripod

My Go-To Settings for Night Photography

• Canon EOS DSLR body (APS-C or Full Frame)
• Canon EF Ultra-Wide / Wide / Telephoto Lens (between 16-300mm)
• RAW / In-camera noise reduction turned off
• LCD / Live View for focusing (not OVF)
• Manual Focus / Image Stabilization off
• ISO 100-200
• Aperture f/8 - f/16
• Shutter Speed +1-30 Seconds (or Bulb mode)
• Remote release or 2-Second Self-Timer
• Manfrotto Tripod

Long Exposure | Night Photography

"Long exposure in night photography is a technique used to capture images in low-light conditions by keeping the camera's shutter open for an extended period. This method allows more light to hit the camera's sensor, resulting in brighter and more detailed photos in dark environments.

When using long exposure for night photography, here are some key points to consider:

1. Stability: Use a tripod to keep the camera steady during the long exposure. This helps prevent blur caused by hand movement.

2. Shutter Speed: Longer exposure times, typically ranging from a few seconds to several minutes, are used to gather enough light in low-light situations. Experiment with different shutter speeds to achieve the desired effect.

3. Aperture: A wide aperture (lower f-stop number) allows more light to enter the lens, aiding in capturing brighter images.

4. ISO: While a higher ISO setting makes the camera more light-sensitive, it can introduce more digital noise. Try to find a balance between ISO, aperture, and shutter speed to get the best results.

5. Remote Shutter Release or Timer: To avoid camera shake when triggering the shutter, use a remote shutter release or the camera's built-in timer to start the exposure.

6. Composition: Pay attention to composition and framing. Since the exposure time is longer, ensure that the elements in the frame will work well together for the duration of the exposure.

7. Experimentation: Long exposure photography is an art that often involves experimentation and practice. Don't hesitate to try different settings and compositions to achieve the desired result.

Subjects that work well for long exposure night photography include cityscapes with moving cars, star trails, light trails, or serene landscapes under moonlight.

Remember, the settings you use will depend on the specific conditions you're shooting in, so there's no one-size-fits-all approach. Practice and experimentation will help you hone your skills and achieve the desired effects in your night photography." (Source: ChatGPT 2023)

Below are various captures from Fireworks / Ferris Wheel / various long exposure captures all required shutter speeds of 8 - 30 seconds.

Canon EOS 6D / EF 16-35mm Lens f/16 / ISO 200 / 53 seconds

Canon EOS 6D / EF 16-35mm Lens f/16 / ISO 100 / 30 seconds

Canon EOS 6D / EF 16-35mm Lens f/16 / ISO 100 / 20 seconds

Canon EOS 6D / EF 16-35mm Lens f/16 / ISO 100 / 20 seconds

Canon EF-S 18-135mm IS STM Lens f/16 / ISO 100 8 seconds

Canon EF-S 18-135mm IS STM Lens f/16 / ISO 100 10 seconds

Canon EF-S 18-135mm IS STM Lens f/16 / ISO 100 8 seconds

Canon EF-S 10-18mm IS STM Lens f/4.5 ISO 800 (handheld)

Canon EF-S 10-18mm IS STM Lens f/18 ISO 100 30 seconds

Canon EF-S 10-18mm IS STM Lens f/18 ISO 100 20 seconds

Canon PowerShot SX40 HS f/8 ISO 100 15 seconds

Photography Training: Introduction to the Exposure Triangle - ISO / Aperture / Shutter Speed View